SA194 Equivalent GradEs

ASTM A193 / ASTM A193M Alloy Steel & Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service

Standard / Norm Parts – A wide assortment of standard articles can be made available worldwide, to effectively meet customers’ cost, quality and time requirements. Some of the established standards are mentioned below.

Stainless Steel Parts- A wide assortment of standard articles can be made available worldwide, to effectively meet customers’ cost, quality and time requirements. Some of the established standards are mentioned below.

ASTM Specifications

ASTM A153

The ASTM A153 specification covers zinc coating (hot-dip) on iron and steel hardware. A newer and more appropriate specification developed in 2005 covering the requirement for hot-dip galvanizing of bolts, screws, nuts, washers and other threaded fasteners is ASTM F2329. It is not yet widely used since many of the ASTM specifications covering bolts, nuts and washers do not reference it. As soon as revisions referencing F2329 are made to these fastener specifications, F2329 will become more common. ASTM A123 is a related hot-dip galvanizing specification covering iron and steel products made from rolled pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates, bars, and strips.

ASTM A193

GRADES

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

ASTM A194

GRADES

2							Carbon steel heavy hex nuts
2H							Quenched & tempered carbon steel heavy hex nuts
2HM							Quenched & tempered carbon steel heavy hex nuts
4							Quenched & tempered carbon-molybdenum heavy hex nuts
7							Quenched & tempered alloy steel heavy hex nuts
7M							Quenched & tempered alloy steel heavy hex nuts
8							Stainless AISI 304 heavy hex nuts
8M							Stainless AISI 316 heavy hex nuts

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Grade Identification Marking 5													Specification	Material	Nominal Size, In.	Tempering Temp. °F	Proof Load Stress, ksi	Hardness Rockwell		See Note
																		Min	Max
													ASTM A194 Grade 2	Medium Carbon Steel	4/1/2004	1000	150	159	352	1,2,3
													ASTM A194 Grade 2H	Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched and Tempered	4/1/2004	1000	175	C24	C38	1,2
													ASTM A194 Grade 2HM	Medium Carbon Steel, Quenched and Tempered	4/1/2004	1000	150	159	237	1,2,3
													ASTM A194 Grade 4	Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered	4/1/2004	1100	175	C24	C38	1,2
													ASTM A194 Grade 7	Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered	4/1/2004	1100	175	C24	C38	1,2
													ASTM A194 Grade 7M	Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered	4/1/2004	1100	150	159	237	1,2,3
													ASTM A194 Grade 8	Stainless AISI 304	4/1/2004	–	80	126	300	4
													ASTM A194 Grade 8M	Stainless AISI 316	4/1/2004	–	80	126	300	4

NOTES

• The markings shown for all grades of A194 nuts are for cold formed and hot forged nuts. When nuts are machined from bar stock, the nut must additionally be marked with the letter ‘B’. The letters H and M indicate heat treated nuts.

• Properties shown are those of coarse and 8-pitch thread heavy hex nuts.

• Hardness numbers are Brinell Hardness.

• Nuts that are carbide-solution treated require additional letter A – 8A or 8MA.

• All nuts shall bear the manufacturer’s identification mark. Nuts shall be legibly marked on one face to indicate the grade and process of the manufacturer. Marking of wrench flats or bearing surfaces is not permitted unless agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser. Nuts coated with zinc have an asterisk (*) marked after the grade symbol. Nuts coated with cadmium shall have a plus sign (+) marked after the grade symbol.

ASTM A307

The ASTM A307 specification covers carbon steel bolts and studs ranging from 1/4” through 4” diameter. This is your everyday, run of the mill bolt specification often manufactured using A36 round bar. There are three grades A, B, and C* which denote tensile strength, configuration, and application. Refer to the Mechanical Properties Chart for the subtle strength differences within each grade.

GRADES

A							Headed bolts, threaded rods and bent bolts intended for general applications.
B							Heavy hex bolts and studs intended for flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges.
C							Anchor bolts, either bent or straight, intended for structural anchorage purposes. The end of a grade C anchor bolt intended to project from the concrete will be painted green for identification purposes. Permanent marking is a supplemental requirement. *As of August 2007, grade C has been replaced by specification F1554 grade 36 . Northstar will continue to supply grade C, if required by the project.

 

 

 

 

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

Nuts									Washers
A307 Grades A & C								A307 Grade B
1/4 – 1-1/2							1-5/8 – 4	4/1/2004
A563A Hex							A563A Heavy Hex		F844

ASTM A320

The ASTM A320 specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for low temperature service. This standard covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts used for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Like the ASTM A193 specification, unless otherwise specified, the 8UN thread series is specified on fastener larger than 1” in diameter.

Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades within the ASTM A320 specification. A number of other less common grades of ASTM A320 exist, but not covered in the description below.

GRADES

L7							Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 quench & tempered
L43							Alloy steel, AISI 4340 quench & tempered
B8							Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated
B8M							Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated
B8							Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened
B8M							Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Grade							Size	Tensile,	Yield,	Charpy Impact	Elong,	RA, %, min
								ksi, min	ksi, min	20-ft-lbf	%, min
										@ temp
L7							Up to 2 1 / 2	125	105	-150° F	16	50
L43							Up to 4	125	105	-150° F	16	50
B8							All	75	30	N/A	30	50
Class 1
B8M							All	75	30	N/A	30	50
Class 1
B8							Up to 3 / 4	125	100	N/A	12	35
Class 2							8/7/2001	115	80	N/A	15	35
							1 1 / 8 – 1 1 / 4	105	65	N/A	20	35
							1 3 / 8 – 1 1 / 2	100	50	N/A	28	45
B8M							Up to 3 / 4	110	95	N/A	15	45
Class 2							8/7/2001	100	80	N/A	20	45
							1 1 / 8 – 1 1 / 4	95	65	N/A	25	45
							1 3 / 8 – 1 1 / 2	90	50	N/A	30	45

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

Grade							Nuts	Washers
L7							A194 Grade 4 or 7	F436
L43							A194 Grade 4 or 7	F436
B8 Class 1							A194 Grade 8	SS304
B8M Class 1							A194 Grade 8M	SS316
B8 Class 2							A194 Grade 8 , strain hardened	SS304
B8M Class 2							A194 Grade 8M , strain hardened	SS316

ASTM A325

The ASTM A325 specification covers high strength heavy hex structural bolts from ?” diameter through 1-1/2” diameter. These bolts are intended for use in structural connections and therefore have shorter thread lengths than standard hex bolts.

This specification is applicable to heavy hex structural bolts only. For bolts of other configurations and thread lengths with similar mechanical properties, please refer to ASTM A449 .

Bolts for general applications, including anchor bolts, are covered by ASTM A449. Also refer to A449 for quenched and tempered steel bolts and studs with diameters greater than 1-1/2″ but with similar mechanical properties.

GRADES

TYPE 1

Medium carbon, carbon boron, or medium carbon alloy steel

TYPE 2

Withdrawn November 1991

TYPE 3

Weathering steel

T

Fully threaded per ASTM A325

M

Metric A325

CONNECTION TYPES

SC

Slip critical connection

N

Bearing type connection with threads included in the shear plane

X

Bearing type connection with threads excluded from the shear plane

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Size							Tensile, ksi	Yield, ksi	Elong %, min	RA %, min
1/2 – 1							120 min	92 min	14	35
1-1/8 – 1-1/2							105 min	81 min	14	35

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

ASTM A354

The ASTM A354 specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners 4″ and under in diameter.

Two strength levels, grade BC and grade BD, are summarized in the chart below. This specification is unrestricted in its configuration and can be a headed bolt , bent bolt , or threaded rod .

GRADES

A354 BC							Lower in strength than grade BD
A354 BD							A354 grade BD bolts are higher in strength than A354 grade BC and equal in strength to ASTM A490 bolts. Unlike ASTM A490 however, the A354 BD specification is unrestricted in its configuration. Since A490 bolts are heavy hex structural bolts and do not exceed 1-1/2″ diameter, specification A354 BD should be considered for anchor bolts, threaded rods, other styles of headed bolts, and bolts larger than 1-1/2″ diameter where similar mechanical properties are desired. A354 grade BD does not require a magnetic particle test as is required by the A490 specification.

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Grade							Size	Tensile, ksi, min	Yield, ksi, min	Elong %, min	RA %, min
BC							1/4 – 2-1/2	125	109	16	50
							2-5/8 – 4	115	99	16	45
BD							1/4 – 2-1/2	150	130	14	40
							2-5/8 – 4	140	115	14	40

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

Nuts									Washers
Grade BC								Grade BD
Plain							Galvanized	Plain
A563C Heavy Hex							A563DH Heavy Hex	A563DH Heavy Hex	F436
* Nuts of other grades load stresses greater than the specified grade are suitable. Refer to ASTM A563 Nut Compatibility Chart for details.

ASTM A449

GRADES

TYPE 1							Plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel or alloy boron steel
TYPE 2							Withdrawn 2003
TYPE 3							Weathering steel

 

 

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Size							Tensile, ksi	Yield, ksi	Elong %, min	RA %, min
1/4 – 1							120 min	92 min	14	35
1-1/8 – 1-1/2							105 min	81 min	14	35
1-5/8 – 3							90 min	58 min	14	35

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

Nuts									Washers
Plain							Galvanized
1/4 – 1-1/2							1-5/8 – 3	1/4 – 3
A563B Hex							A563A Heavy Hex	A563DH Heavy Hex	F436
Note: Nuts of other grades having proof load stresses greater than the specified grade are suitable. The ASTM A563 Nut Compatibility Chart has a complete list of specifications.

ASTM A490

The ASTM A490 specification covers quenched and tempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts from ?” diameter through 1?” diameter with a minimum 150 ksi tensile. These bolts are intended for use in structural connections and therefore have shorter thread lengths than standard hex bolts. Refer to the Structural Bolts page of our site for thread lengths and other related dimensions. A490 bolts are similar in application and dimensions to A325 heavy hex structural bolts but are made from an alloy steel rather than a medium carbon steel, resulting in a higher strength fastener.

The A490 specification is applicable to heavy hex structural bolts only. For bolts with different thread lengths than specified for structural bolts but with similar mechanical properties, see Specification A354 grade BD .

ASTM A490 bolts shall not be coated by hot-dip galvanizing, mechanical deposition, or electroplating with zinc or other metallic coatings due to the potential risk of hydrogen embrittlement. Additional testing in the form of Magnetic Particle Inspection for Longitudinal Discontinuities and Transverse Cracks is a requirement of the A490 specification.

GRADES

TYPE 1							Medium carbon and alloy steel
TYPE 2							Withdrawn in 2002
TYPE 3							Weathering steel
M							Metric A490

CONNECTION TYPES

SC							Slip critical connection
N							Bearing type connection with threads included in the shear plane
X							Bearing type connection with threads excluded from the shear plane

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Size							Tensile, ksi	Yield, ksi	Elong %, min	RA %, min
1/2 – 1							150 – 173 min	130 min	14	40

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

Nuts								Washers
Type 1							Type 3	Type 1	Type 3
A563DH							A563DH3	F436-1	F436-3
Note: Nuts conforming to A194-2H are a suitable substitute for use with A490 heavy hex structural bolts.
The bolts shall not be coated by hot-dip zinc coating, mechanical deposition, or electroplating with zinc or other metallic coatings due to the potential for hydrogen embrittlement.
Each sample representative of the lot shall be magnetic particle inspected for longitudinal discontinuities and transverse cracks.

ASTM A563

The ASTM A563 specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for carbon and alloy steel nuts used on bolts, studs, and externally threaded fasteners. The charts below address over tapping allowances for hot-dip galvanized nuts, grade marking requirements, and mechanical requirements.

According the A563 specification, “The requirements for any grade of nut may, at the supplier’s option, and with notice to the purchaser, be fulfilled by furnishing nuts of one of the stronger grades specified herein unless such a substitution is barred in the inquiry and purchase order”. This is important because some nut grades are not readily available in certain sizes and finishes. Additionally, the specification allows for the substitution of ASTM A194 grade 2H nuts in lieu of A563 grade DH nuts due to the lack of availability of grade DH nuts in nominal sizes ?” and larger.

Hot-dip galvanized nuts must be tapped oversize to allow for the added thickness of the zinc on the threads of the externally threaded fastener. Various nut styles exist and to some degree are determined by their grade. These styles include hex , heavy hex , square , jam , coupling , and sleeve .

GRADES

A							Low carbon steel, hex or heavy hex
B							Low carbon steel, hex or heavy hex
C							Carbon steel, quench & tempered, heavy hex
D							Carbon steel, quench & tempered, heavy hex
DH							Carbon steel, quench & tempered, heavy hex
C3							Weathering steel, quench & tempered, heavy hex
DH3							Weathering steel, quench & tempered, heavy hex

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Grade							Style	Size, in.	Proof Load, ksi		Hardness, HBN
									Black	Galvanized
A							Hex	1/4 – 1-1/2	90	68	116 – 302
							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	100	75	116 – 302
B							Heavy Hex	4/1/2001	133	100	121 – 302
							Heavy Hex	1-1/8 – 1-1/2	116	87	121 – 302
C / C3							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	144	144	143 – 352
D							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	150	150	248 – 352
DH / DH3							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	175	150	248 – 352
For UNC, 8UN, 6UN, and Coarse Pitch Threads

Grade							Style	Size, in.	Proof Load, ksi		Hardness, HBN
									Black	Galvanized
A							Hex	1/4 – 1-1/2	90	68	116 – 302
							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	100	75	116 – 302
B							Heavy Hex	4/1/2001	133	100	121 – 302
							Heavy Hex	1-1/8 – 1-1/2	116	87	121 – 302
C / C3							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	144	144	143 – 352
D							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	150	150	248 – 352
DH / DH3							Heavy Hex	4/1/2004	175	150	248 – 352
For UNC, 8UN, 6UN, and Coarse Pitch Threads

GRADE IDENTIFICATION AND MARKINGS

Grade Identification Marking

Specification

Material

Nominal Size, In.

Proof Load Stress, ksi

Hardness Rockwell

See Note

Min

Max

ASTM A563 Grade O

Carbon Steel

1/4 – 1-1/2

69

B55

C32

2,3

ASTM A563 Grade A

Carbon Steel

1/4 – 1-1/2

90

B68

C32

2,3

ASTM A563 Grade B

Carbon Steel

4/1/2001

120

B69

C32

2,3

No Mark

>1 – 1-1/2

105

ASTM A563 Grade C

Carbon Steel, may be Quenched and Tempered

4/1/2004

144

B78

C38

4

ASTM A563 Grade C3

Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Steel, may be Quenched and Tempered

4/1/2004

144

B78

38

4,6

ASTM A563 Grade D

Carbon Steel, may be Quenched and Tempered

4/1/2004

150

B84

C38

5

ASTM A563 Grade DH

Carbon Steel, Quenched and Tempered

4/1/2004

175

C24

C38

5

ASTM A563 Grade DH3

Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Steel, Quenched and Tempered

4/1/2004

175

C24

C38

4,6

NOTES:

•  In addition to the indicated grade marking, all grades, except A563 grades O, A, and B, must be marked for manufacturer identification.

•  Nuts are not required to be marked unless specified by the purchaser. When marked, the identification marking shall be the grade letter O, A, or B.

•  Properties shown are those of nonplated or noncoated coarse thread nuts.

•  Properties shown are those of coarse thread heavy hex nuts.

•  Properties shown are those of coarse thread heavy hex nuts. Other nuts styles and fine threads may apply.

•  The nut manufacturer, at his option, may add other markings to indicate the use of atmospheric corrosion resistant steel.

THREAD DIMENSIONS AND OVERSIZING ALLOWANCES

for Nuts: Hot Dipped Galvanized per Specification A153, C1.C

Nominal Nut Size,							Diametral Allowance,	Pitch Diameter
in. and Pitch							in.	Min	Max
0.250 – 20							0.016	0.2335	0.2384
0.312 – 18							0.017	0.2934	0.2987
0.375 – 16							0.017	0.3514	0.3571
0.437 – 14							0.018	0.4091	0.4152
0.500 – 13							0.018	0.468	0.4745
0.0562 – 12							0.02	0.5284	0.5352
0.625 – 11							0.02	0.586	0.5932
0.750 – 10							0.02	0.705	0.7127
0.875 – 9							0.022	0.8248	0.833
1.000 – 8							0.024	0.9428	0.9516
1.125 – 8							0.024	1.0678	1.0768
1.125 – 7							0.024	1.0562	1.0656
1.250 – 8							0.024	1.1928	1.202
1.250 – 7							0.024	1.1812	1.1908
1.375 – 8							0.027	1.3208	1.3301
1.375 – 6							0.027	1.2937	1.3041
1.500 – 8							0.027	1.4458	1.4553
1.500 – 6							0.027	1.4187	1.4292
1.750 – 5							0.05	1.6701	1.6817
2.000 – 4.5							0.05	1.9057	1.9181
2.250 – 4.5							0.05	2.1557	2.1683
2.500 – 4							0.05	2.3876	2.4011
2.750 – 4							0.05	2.6376	2.6513
3.250 – 4							0.05	3.1376	3.1517
3.500 – 4							0.05	3.3876	3.4019
3.750 – 4							0.05	3.3876	3.4019
4.000 – 4							0.05	3.8876	3.9023
.

ASTM F1554

The ASTM F1554 specification covers anchor bolts designed to anchor structural supports to concrete foundations. F1554 anchor bolts can take the form of either headed bolts, straight rods, or bent anchor bolts. The three grades 36, 55, and 105 designate the minimum yield strength (ksi) of the anchor bolt. The bolts can be either cut or roll threaded and a weldable grade 55 can be substituted for grade 36 at the supplier’s option. Color coding on the end – 36 blue, 55 yellow, and 105 red – helps facilitate easy identification in the field. Permanent manufacturer and grade marking is allowed under the S2 supplementary requirements.

Applications for F1554 anchor bolts include columns in structural steel framed buildings, traffic signal and street lighting poles, and overhead highway sign structures to name just a few.

GRADES

F1554 Grade 36	Low carbon, 36ksi yield steel anchor bolts
F1554 Grade 55	Low alloy, 55ksi yield steel anchor bolts
F1554 Grade 105	Alloy, heat treated, high strength 105ksi yield steel anchor bolts

MECHANICAL PROPORTIES

Grade	Size inches	Tensile, ksi	Yield, ksi min	Yield, MPa min	Elong. % min	RA % min
36	4/1/2004	58 – 80	36	248	23	40
55	4/1/2002	75 – 95	55	380	21	30
	2? – 2?	75 – 95	55	380	21	22
	2? – 3	75 – 95	55	380	21	20
	3? – 4	75 – 95	55	380	21	18
105	4/1/2003	125 – 150	105	724	15	45

RECOMMENDED NUTS and WASHERS

Grade	Size inches	Plain	Galvanized	Washer
36	1/4 – 1-?	A563A Hex	A563A Hex	F436
	1-? – 4	A563A Heavy Hex	A563A Heavy Hex	F436
55	1/4 – 1-?	A563A Hex	A563A Heavy Hex	F436
	1-? – 4	A563A Heavy Hex	A563A Heavy Hex	F436
105	1/4 – 1-?	A563D Heavy Hex1	A563DH Heavy Hex2	F436
	1-? – 3	A563DH Heavy Hex2	A563DH Heavy Hex2	F436
•  A563-D rarely available, A563DH or A194-2H substituted.
•  Per ASTM A563, A194-2H may be substituted for A563-DH.

ASTM F2329

ASTM F2329 covers the requirements for hot-dip zinc coating applied to carbon steel and alloy steel bolts, screws, washers, nuts, and special threaded fasteners applied by the hot-dip coating process.

AThis specification was developed in 2005, but is not yet widely used since many of the ASTM specification covering threaded fasteners do not reference it.  As soon as these specifications are updated to reference the ASTM F2329 specification, it will likely become much more prevalent than ASTM A153 which is the specification that is currently used to cover hot-dip galvanizing of bolts. 

ASTM A123 is a related hot-dip galvanizing specification covering iron and steel products made from rolled pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates, bars, and strips.

ASTM A563 Nut Compatibility Chart

Grade of Bolt	Surface Finish	Nominal Size Inches	A563 Grade and ANSI Nut Style
			Recommended		Suitable
			Hex	Heavy	Hex	Heavy
				Hex		Hex
A307 Grade A & C	Any	? to 1?	A		B,D,DH	A,B,C,D,DH,DH3
		>1? to 2		A	A	C,D,DH,DH3
		>2 to 4		A		C,D,DH,DH3
A307 Grade B	Any	? to 1?		A	B,D,DH	A,B,C,D,DH,DH3
		>1? to 2		A	A
		>2 to 4		A
A325 Type 1	Plain	? – 1?		C		C3,D,DH,DH3
	Galvanized	? – 1?		DH
A325 Type 3	Plain	? – 1?		C3		DH3
A354 Grade BC	Plain	? to 1?		C	D,DH	C3,D,DH,DH3
		>1? to 4		C		C3,D,DH,DH3
	Galvanized	? to 1?		DH
		>1? to 4		DH
A354 Grade BD	Plain	? to 1?		DH	DH	D,DH,DH3
		>1? to 4		DH		DH3
A449	Plain	? to 1?	B		D,DH	B,C,C3,D,DH,DH3
		>1? to 3		A		C,C3,D,DH,DH3
	Galvanized	? to 1?		DH	D,DH	D
		>1? to 3		DH		D
A490 Type 1	Plain	? – 1?		DH		DH3
A490 Type 3	Plain	? – 1?		DH3
A687	Plain	? – 3		D		DH,DH3
	Galvanized	? – 3		DH
F1554 Grade 36	Any	? to 1?	A		B,D,DH	A,B,C,D,DH,DH3
		>1? to 4		A		C,D,DH,DH3
F1554 Grade 55	Plain	? to 1?	A		B,D,DH	A,B,C,D,DH,DH3
		>1? to 4		A		C,D,DH,DH3
	Galvanized	? to 4		A		C,D,DH,DH3
F1554 Grade 105	Plain	? to 1?	D			DH,DH3
		>1? to 3		DH		DH3
	Galvanized	? to 3		DH		DH3

1. The availability of A563 grade DH nuts in nominal sizes 3/4″ and larger is very limited and generally available only on special orders of 50,000 or more. For smaller quantities, ASTM A194 grade 2H should be considered.

Inspection & Approval Certificates : EN10204 3.1 / DIN 50049 3.1 / ISO 10474 3.1 Mill Test Certificate, NACE MR-01-75 / ISO 15156, CE Marked, European Pressure Equipment Directive PED-97/23/EC, AD-2000-W0, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Sec.II Part A Ed. 2008, with 3.2 certificate duly Certified & Approved by LRS (Lloyd’s Register), GL (Germanischer Lloyd), BV (Bureau Veritas), DNV (Det Norske Veritas), ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), SGS, TUV, RINA, IRS, NORSOK Approved Standard M-630, M-650 Rev.3