What exactly is Monel?
Monel is largely made of nickel and copper (52-67 percent), with minor amounts of silicon, manganese, iron, and carbon. It is a type of nickel alloy that is more resistant to corrosion than pure nickel. Monel alloys are resistant to corrosion in a variety of environments, including fast-moving seawater. Cold and hot working, welding, and machining can all be used to make it.
Applications for Monel
Monel can be found in a variety of applications, including those listed below.
Applications in the aerospace industry
Applications in the marine environment
Instruments of music
Production and refining of oil
Monel Equivalent Grades
| Standard | ASTM/ AISI | WNR | UNS | AFNOR | JIS | EN | BS |
| 400 | B 127, B 164 | 2.4360, 2.4361 | N04400 | NU-30M | NW 4400 | NiCu30Fe | NA 13 |
| 401 | – | 1.7471 | N04401 | NU-30M | NW 4401 | NiCu30Fe | NA 13 |
| 404 | – | 2.4867 | N04404 | – | – | – | – |
| 450 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| K500 | B 825 | 2.4375 | N05500 | – | – | – | – |
| R405 | B 164 | – | N04405 | – | – | – | – |
Monel Chemical Composition
| Monel Grade | Copper | Aluminum | Titanium | Iron | Manganese | Silicon | Nickel |
| Monel 400 | 28–34 | – | – | 2.5 max | 2.0 max | 0.5 max | 63 min |
| Monel 401 | 28–34 | – | – | 2.5 max | 2.0 max | – | 63 min |
| Monel 404 | Rem | 0.05 max | – | 0.5 max | 0.1 max | 0.1 max | 52–57 |
| Monel K-500 | 27–33 | 2.3–3.15 | 0.35–0.85 | 2.0 max | 1.5 max | 0.5 max | 63 min |
| Monel 405 | 28–34 | – | – | 2.5 max | 2.0 max | 0.5 max | 63 min |
Monel Mechanical Properties
| Alloy | Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
| Alloy 400 | 8.8 g/cm3 | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | Psi – 80,000 , MPa – 550 | Psi – 35,000 , MPa – 240 | 0.4 |
| Alloy 401 | 8.8 g/cm3 | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | Psi – 80,000 , MPa – 550 | Psi – 35,000 , MPa – 240 | 0.4 |
| Alloy 404 | 8.91 g/cm3 | 1300-1350ºC | Psi – 95,000, Mpa 655 | Psi -75,000, Mpa 517 | 0.35 |
| Alloy K500 | 8.44 g/cm3 | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | Psi – 160000 , MPa – 1100 | Psi – 115000 , MPa – 790 | 0.2 |
What exactly is Hastelloy?
Hastelloy is one of the most corrosion-resistant nickel-based steel alloys available. Hastelloy, as compared to standard alloys, has a unique mix of features that make them substantially more corrosion resistant. At increased temperatures, the Hastelloy family of chromium/nickel/molybdenum alloys are suited for application in very harsh chemical conditions.
Applications for Hastelloy
Hastelloy is used in a variety of applications, including those listed below.
Industries of Chemicals
Oil & Gas Industries
Industries in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Industries in the Petrochemical Industry
Geothermal
Desalination of water
Water from the sea
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) (Liquefied Natural Gas)
Nuclear Energy
Mining
Biomass
Solar Energy
Hastelloy equivalent
| STANDARD | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | GOST | AFNOR | JIS | OR | EN |
| Hastelloy C22 | 2.4602 | N06022 | – | – | NW 6022 | – | NiCr21Mo14W |
| Hastelloy C276 | 2.4819 | N10276 | ХН65МВУ | – | NW 0276 | ЭП760 | NiMo16Cr15W |
| Hastelloy B2 | 2.4617 | N10665 | |||||
| Hastelloy B3 | 2.4600 | N10675 | |||||
| Hastelloy C4 | 2.4610 | N06455 | |||||
| Hastelloy C-22HS | – | N07022 | |||||
| Hastelloy C2000 | 2.4675 | N06200 | |||||
| Hastelloy Hybrid BC1 | 2.4708 | N10362 | |||||
| Hastelloy X | 2.4665 | N06002 |
Hastelloy mechanical properties
| DENSITY | MELTING POINT | TENSILE STRENGTH | YIELD STRENGTH (0.2%OFFSET) | ELONGATION | |
| C22 | 8.69 g/cm3 | 1399 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 1,00,000 , MPa – 690 | Psi – 45000 , MPa – 310 | 45 % |
| C276 | 8.89 g/cm33 | 1370 °C (2500 °F) | Psi – 1,15,000 , MPa – 790 | Psi – 52,000 , MPa – 355 | 40% |
| B2 | 9.2 g/cm3 | 1370 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 1,15,000 , MPa –760 | Psi – 52,000 , MPa – 350 | 40% |
| B3 | 9.2 g/cm3 | 1370 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 1,15,000 , MPa –760 | Psi – 52,000 , MPa – 350 | 40% |
| C4 | 8.64 g/cm3 | 1350-1400 °C | 783 | 365 | 55% |
| Hybrid BC1 | 8.83 g/cm³ | 1343 – 1443°C | 725 | 310 | 40% |
| X | 8.22 g/cm³ | 1355°C | 655 MPa | 240 MPa | 35% |
Hastelloy chemical compatibility
| Material / Purity (%): | C-276 | C-22 |
| Ni | 57.0 | 56.0 |
| Co | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| Cr | 15.5 | 22.0 |
| Mo | 16.0 | 13.0 |
| W | 4.00 | 3.00 |
| Fe | 5.50 | 3.00 |
| Si | 0.080 | 0.080 |
| Mn | 1.000 | 0.500 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.010 |
| S | 0.010 | 0.020 |
| V | 0.350 | 0.350 |
Monel vs. Hastelloy
Hastelloy is a versatile alloy that may be used in a wide range of industrial applications. Chromium, carbon, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, aluminum, titanium, niobium, iron, copper, nickel, and other elements are present in the material composition. Hastelloy comes in a variety of grades, each with its own unique composition. Alloy C, C4, B, B2, C276 are only a few of the grades available. Monel, on the other hand, is a nickel-copper alloy having significant amounts of nickel and copper, as well as silicon, manganese, carbon, and iron.
The melting point of Hastelloy and Monel
Several alloys, unlike pure metals, do not have a single melting point. However, these alloys do have a melting range or a melting point. The substance or alloy is a mixture of solid and liquid phases throughout this temperature range. Slush is the term for this mixture of phases. Most Monel alloys have a melting point of roughly 2460 degrees Fahrenheit. Hastelloy grades have a somewhat higher melting point, around 2550 degrees Fahrenheit.
Hastelloy and Monel are strong metals.
The stress that metal, or in this case, alloys, can withstand without permanent deformation or a limit at which the material will refuse to return to its original dimensions, which is around 0.2 percent of its length, is calculated as yield strength. The yield strength of various Hastelloy grades at 0.2 percent offset ranges from 310 Mpa to 355 Mpa. In contrast, the yield strength of Monel alloys with 0.2 percent Offset can range from 240 Mpa to almost 790 Mpa.
Ultimate tensile strength of Monel and Hastelloy
Unlike yield strength, which is computed with a 0.2 percent offset, tensile strength is the greatest stress that an alloy can withstand when being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. Monel alloys have tensile strengths ranging from 550 MPa to around 1100 MPa. In comparison to Monel, the tensile strength of numerous Hastelloy grades ranges from roughly 690 Mpa to about 783 Mpa.
The price difference between Hastelloy and Monel alloys
Unlike Hastelloy, which has numerous other components in its chemical makeup, most Monel alloys have a nickel content of 60 to 70%. Nickel’s worth as a metal is thought to be high because its cost is variable and the metal is a commodity. Hastelloy has less nickel in its chemistry than Monel, making Monel the more expensive metal in contrast to the former.
Hastelloy and Monel contain nickel.
Although both Hastelloy and Monel alloys contain nickel, the amount of nickel added in their composition differs. While Monel alloys comprise roughly 30% to 40% copper, the nickel percentage varies between 60% and 70%, depending on the Monel grade made. Hastelloy contains substantial amounts of metals such as ferrous or iron, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, and tungsten, but the remaining nickel is added to the alloys for which it is intended. As a result, some Hastelloy has lower content than Monel.
How do you determine the difference between Hastelloy and Monel?
While metals have a lot in common in terms of appearance, obtaining a mill test report or a material test report is one of the most effective ways to distinguish between them. In most circumstances, manufacturers can obtain an MTR or a mill test report for the buyer as a measure of ensuring the product’s quality. A material test report, in general, is a complete test report on the material’s elemental makeup as well as its mechanical or physical qualities.
Recent Comments